Which societies gained the most as a result of mangol period? Which societies gained the least?

The societies which gained during the Mongol period were those who were actively involved in trading due to the Mongol reopening of the Silk Road trading routes between China and Europe which allowed exchange of goods and services which made them richer along the trade paths including Western Africa, East Asia and Europe.

The societies which were negatively impacted by the Mongol period were those who resisted its expansion into Western europe, East Asia. The Mongol empire had a strong and sophisticated army which were able to carry out deadly and tactical attacks.

"choosing is refusing" means individuals face an opportunity cost with each decision they make. economists state that every decision involves trade-offs. opportunity cost is the least desirable alternative given up as a result of a decision.