HELP QUICK PLS TYSM Identify each of the below categories as mandatory or discretionary.
Interest on national debt 6%
Defense 20%
Non-defense spending 19%
Other mandatory programs 14%
Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid 41%

What was one step that charlemagne took to unite his kingdom? a. he chose a single strong heir to inherit his throne. b. he drove muslim forces out of europe. c. he created and supported schools. d. he declared himself head of the catholic church.