It has been held that courts should not take of facts that are an element of the crime charged or serve as the basis for increased prison sentences. a. judicial noticeb. presumptionc. bias opiniond. omission

Judicial notice---A

Explanation:

Judicial notice is used by a court when  fact presented as evidence is accepted  as being true by the court  without the need to   present or establish an evidence therefore, It has been held that courts should not take _Judicial notice of facts that are an element of the crime charged or serve as the basis for increased prison sentences

When a  court  decide to take  judicial notice of a fact in a civil case,mnost times, such fact is termed conclusive.

well i'm late but i think its: b, c, and e

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