What are the purpose and tone of the excerpt

The tea party movement is a. an official third party that challenges both democrats and republicans in national elections. b. an organized challenge to incumbents in the republican party by the most conservative wing of the republican party. c. an organized challenge to incumbents in the democratic party by the most liberal wing of the democratic party. d. an offspring of the green party that runs for state and local office in many midwestern states. e. the now defunct party that gave way to the republican party at the end of the “second party system.”

Which factor contributed to the rise of african empires such as ghana and mali ? a. their creation and involvement in trade networks b. they focused only on agricultural production. c. they didn’t engage in warfare with other nations d. their geographic location protected them from attacks.

Which of the following situations best demonstrates the principle of separation of powers in the u.s. government? a. the president can veto laws passed by the legislature. b. the courts must approve constitutional amendments. c. states create their own educational policies. d. members of the legislature are elected by voters.