Eduardo immigrated to the United States from Ecuador last summer and began fourth grade in California in September. He still has very little knowledge of English, as he has always spoken Spanish at home and with his friends. Concerned about his low achievement in class, school psychologist Dr. Greene gives him a general intelligence test and several specific aptitude tests. She administers the tests to Eduardo one-on-one in a private, quiet office where he can concentrate. Because students in the norm groups for the tests were all native English speakers, she gives Eduardo the test items in English but uses gestures in an attempt to help him understand what the items are asking of him. Which one of the following mistakes has Dr. Greene definitely made?
a. She has administered the tests outside of Eduardo's regular classroom environment.
b. She has omitted an assessment of Eduardo's personality characteristics.
c. She administered the tests in English.
d. She should have administered a general intelligence test or specific aptitude tests, but not both.