The visual culture of the twentieth century was focused on

Film

Explanation:

Visual culture is a term that describes cultural expression in visual images, by twentieth century, it is considered as reformulations of issues of photography and film theory that had been raised in the early part of the century, most notably, from the 1920s and 1930s

Hence, during the period of twentieth century, the focus of visual art is film, through many authors like Béla Balázs, László Moholy-Nagy, Siegfried Kracauer and Walter Benjamin

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the correct answer is c.