At Nicholas's high school, a rumor was spread that the principal was having an affair with one of the teachers. While Nicholas didn't believe the rumor at first, the more he heard the rumor repeated, the more he accepted it as a fact. This is an example of .

a. the familiarity effect. b. brainwashing. c. cognitive dissonance. d. the validity effect.

D) the validity effect

Explanation: The validity effect can be Simply defined as the increase in perceived validity of a statement when one is continuously been exposed to such statements, i.e the more an individual comes across a statement the more he or she is likely to believe it.

Nicholas did not believe the rumor about his principle at first but the more he comes across the rumor, the more he begins to believe it, this is a good illustration of validity effect.

i honestly speaking this is too long

chronological thinking is an indispensable tool to structure a historical narrative and to give meaning to a sequence of events. the final section presents the results of a survey to test the chronological thinking of lower secondary school students carried out by the educational research institute.