Useful dialogues in moral reasoning usually involve numerous analogies and . In such dialogues, the nature and degree of rarely has undisputed consequences. Likewise, the modes of similarity between primary analogues and the are never relevant beyond dispute. However, these dialogues serve to illustrate the subtle effect that have on our thought processes and their power to alter our attitudes and perspectives. In these ways, analogies are effective tools for characterizing moral situations.

According to ohrp, a problem is an “unanticipated problem” when it meets which of the following criteria: unexpected, related or possibly related to the research, suggests that the research does not put the subjects or others at greater riskunexpected, related or possible related to the research, suggests the research puts subjects or others at greater riskunexpected, unrelated to the research but still occurring with a subject, suggests the research puts others at greater riskexpected, related or possible related to the research, suggests the research puts others at greater risk