According to Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin, members of gangs are described as double failures because they have not been successful in the legitimate world and have been equally unsuccessful in the illegitimate worlds of organized criminal activity and violence-oriented gangs.

Retreatist.

Explanation:

Naturally, the term retreatism is said to belongs to a larger classification model used to distinguish how individuals adapt to cultural norms and values.

That is why Richard and Lloyd are argued to attach to crimes which occurs when there aren’t enough legitimate opportunities for people to achieve the normal success goals of a society. In such a situation there is a ‘strain’ between the goals and the means to achieve those goals, and some people turn to crime in order to achieve success.

yes, since there is a positive and a negetive if the positive and negitive wasn't there wouldn't a flow electricity in it.

every society, in order to meet the needs of it's people, has to answer three basic questions:

- what should we produce?

- how should we produce it?

- for whom should we produce it?

this questions must be answered in order to, option b, aid in production decisions.

every country can't produce everything, no matter how rich their land is. it may be a matter of technology, resources or geographical conditions. so, these three questions must be resolved in order to get the most of the production of each land.

hope this !