Some philosophies regarding our path to overconsumption proposed by Adbusters echo the words of advertising historian Stephen Fox when he wrote, "One may build a compelling case that American culture is—beyond redemption—money-mad, hedonistic, superficial, rushing heedlessly downa railroad track called Progress." Fox then concluded that advertisers:

a. are not creating the American way of life, but just reflecting it, good or bad.
b. have nothing to do with the fact that all modern cultures have essentially become obsessed with consumption, not just America.
c. are to be blamed for the reckless lifestyle and behavior of modern day youth.
d. are the self-serving manipulators and hidden persuaders who have created this situation.