Mallory believes that she received an unfair grade on an exam, but she knows that arguing with her professor will do little good. She leaves the classroom and angrily throws the paper into the nearest trash can. Steven Lukes would call this the dimension of power.

second

Explanation:

Steven Lukes was a British social theorist. One of the popular theories given by him is Three faces of power.  

In this paper he discussed that power can be broadly exercised in three ways.

First dimension -decision-making power: This is the behavioral aim which any individual is able to change the decision of other person. This is primarily seen when people have authority and right to take nay decison .

Second dimension -non-decision-making power: This is the behavioral generally seen in debate or group discussion in which one can discuss, argue and put forward his point by is not in decision making authority.  

Third Dimension- ideological power: It is the power to impact any person’s thoughts and decision based on ideological and moral rationales and make him change his decision even if the changed decision is not in his self-interest.

Example: women are often asked to follow patriarchal society norms.

In the problem Mallory believed that arguing would not make professor to change his decision since she is not in authority to change decision but can only argue which can yield any favorable result and hence it is related to second dimension of power.

new communications technology has affected the way social movements are organized because nowadays, social movements rely on social networks and the media to get different people with a similar way of thinking in contact, and thus, get them to mobilize for a greater cause.

individuals only participate in collective action when they feel identified with it. is in this aspect that social media becomes relevant, because it guarantees communication among all individuals and organizes the social actions that are going to be carried out, i.e., the social movements.

in addition, being covered by the media is important to validate the message and make it relevant in the social agenda, as well as to reach more people who can share interests, appealing to public sympathy for their cause.

in conclusion, it is by social networks and social media that social movement is given birth; by connecting different individuals with similar ideas and organizing them to mobilize for a greater cause.