Governments responded to a variety of internal and external factors in order to develop administrative institutions and centralize power. Develop an argument that evaluates the extent to which levels of centralization in China and in European states differed in this period.

Commercial agriculture consists of raising food for trade and profit, while subsistence agriculture focuses on -- a. providing the basic needs of the farmer's family b. providing the basic needs of the neighboring communities c. creating more arable land for future use d. obtaining subsidies from governments and corporations