Assuming that everything else is equal, a bond issued by the government of Japan most likely pays ahigher interest rate than

a bond issued by a government that is engaged in a civil war.
A bond issued by the government of Japan

The correct answer is a bond issued by a government that is engaged in a civil war.

Explanation:  In this sense we can understand that the two statements are in balance so it is simpler to understand that the right alternative is "a bond issued by a government that is engaged in a civil war" because the other alternative would not be correct.

answer; i believe the correct answer is (4) flip a coin as each participant arrives,heads indicates assignment to the first group: tails indicates assignment to the second group;