Paul, a police officer, is working as an undercover drug agent. He enrolls in classes at the local university where he meets several students in business administration and invites them to come to his house for a party. No mention is made of any drugs, but he does say he will have a keg of beer. Shortly after his guests arrive, he gets out some marijuana and offers it to the group. All of them refuse except for Sam, who has never tried it before. When Paul encourages Sam to try it and Sam lights up the joint, Paul arrests Sam for possession of a controlled substance. In this case, Sam: