All of the following statements regarding women in the West are true except:

a. unmarried women could not own land under the Homestead Act.
b. in 1860, more than 85 percent of Chinese women in San Francisco were prostitutes.
c. gender arrangements differed in the west compared to other regions.
d. western states were the first the grant suffrage to women.
e. women were less than 10 percent of the population in the California gold rush.