"Over the past 3 months, Jennifer's family has repeatedly expressed concern about her abuse of alcohol. Jennifer refuses to acknowledge that problems have arisen from her drinking, and she clearly states she has no desire to change her behaviors. In the stages of change model developed by Norcross, Krebs, and Prochaska (2011), Jennifer is in the stage."

Precontemplation.

Explanation:

According to the "Transtheoretical Model of Change' developed by Norcross, Krebs, and Prochaska, Jennifer is at the first stage of change model that is Precontemplation.

Precontemplation is the first stage of the change model in which the person has no desire no change in near future (estimated to be 6 months). A person who is in the precontemplation stage does not see his/her behaviour as a problem and do not see any harm in it.

In the given case, Jennifer also refuse to acknowledge the problematic behaviour of alcohol abuse. Jennifer, even after her family raised concern about her abusive behaviour, did not considered to change her behaviour.

So, the correct answer is the precontemplation stage.

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