Mary, an FIU student, spends the whole day at the subway inside GC eating meatball foot-long subs with extra cheese and marinara sauce while she is studying for her final exams. In total Mary ends up eating 5-foot long subs during a 6 hour duration. Mary finishes her studying and goes home where she immediately lies down on the couch. Manny, her boyfriend, returns home and immediately orders a pizza with extra marinara sauce and cheese. When the pizza gets there, Manny asks Mary if she is interested in having a slice of pizza. She immediately turns her head away in disgust and says "No". Mary tells Manny that if she wants some pizza later on she will get up and get some. The rest of the night passes and Mary does not get up to get a slice of pizza and instead goes to sleep.

Mary turning her head away in disgust represents what effect on the value of the pizza as a reinforcer:

It Abolishing

Explanation: in this the of reinforcement, there is a decline in the reinforcing efficiency of a an object, stimulus, and even an event as a result of a motivating operation. Food ingestion decline (abolishes) the reinforcing food efficiency or food effectiveness.

Motivation operation are simply defined as those factors (behavior) that promote or behind a behavior that is being displayed. They usually influenced a behavior in a positive or negative way. An abolishing operations always have an effect on the reinforcer value by decreasing it example is Jane was thirsty and went to the fridge and pour herself orange juice and then she drank it after drinking it, the value or degree of thirst of the reinforcer decrease drastically or slowly.

the answer is a. monarch

answer; eliminate parking problems in cities, because a car took up only half as much space as a horse and buggy;