RESEARCH STUDY 5.1: Dr. Rodriguez is considering conducting a study examining whether narcissistic people have poorer romantic relationships than those who are not narcissistic. One of her first tasks is to determine which of her participants are narcissistic and which are not. She decides to use the scale created by a colleague, the Donal scale. Question 1 reads, "I tend not to think about other people as much as I think about myself." Question 2 reads, "I do not have a high opinion of myself." Question 3 reads, "I think other people think I am really special." Dr. Rodriguez is concerned whether her measure will really measure narcissism or if it will measure some other related concept. She is concerned about the scale’s .

Which of the following statements concerning gender differences correctly describes an effect on workplace​ communication? a. women emphasize content and outcomes in their communication​ efforts, whereas men place a higher premium on relationship maintenanc b. outdated concepts of gender and sexual orientation are no longer a source of​ confusion, controversy, and discrimination. c. the share of management roles held by men compared with those held by women remains equal the further up the corporate ladder one goes. d. the perception of gender roles in business varies from culture to​ culture, and gender bias can range from overt discrimination to subtle and even unconscious beliefs. e. evidence suggests that men and women tend to have the same communication styles.