What concept is illustrated by the following study? Participants were instructed to focus on either white or black objects, disregarding the other color. When a red cross passed across the screen, about one third of the subjects did not notice it

The correct answer is inattentional blindness

People often do not notice major changes in their visual field. And this is easily noticed when you are focused on something else - like counting the number of passes on a basketball.

The implication of this for communication / design / marketing is that the fact that people look at something does not mean that they are paying attention. Just because it is there, in their face, does not mean that they are really seeing (perception is the vision of the brain). If you want people to notice the changes, you may need to be very direct about showing what the changes are and where they are.

this is a pretty broad question and can be a pretty lengthy answer. since 1900, women have gained a lot more rights and have become active in the workforce. with women being in the workforce, men play a larger role in family life. many family tasks are shared between men and women, whereas, women used to be the sole family caretakers.

that should get you started at least.

q1: artillery

q2: simon bolivar

q3:   their workers and farmers demanded a return to spanish rule.

q4: drafted new constitutions

q5: oligarchies have replaced monarchies