Infants sucked on a pacifier that they were prevented from seeing. When they were showed a picture of a pacifier that had been in their mouth as well as a picture of a novel pacifier, they were able to identify the one that they had sucked on. This is an example of:

The answer is cross-modal perception.

Explanation:

Cross-modal perception is a phenomenon in which two or more senses interact with each other through association. In the example, the infants were able to demonstrate cross-modal perception because they could visually identify the pacifier they felt with their mouths.

Other examples of cross-modal perception is synesthesia (e.g. being able to hear pictures, or see sounds) and the McGurk effect, in which the visualization of a sound is associated with the sound itself, as in lip reading.

Intermodal perception

Explanation:

According to Piaget (1954), information from different sensory modalities is initially separate, and only after some months do infants become capable of forming associations between how things look and how they sound, taste, feel, and so on.

Just like in the case of the infants sucked on a pacifier that they were prevented from seeing. They were then shown a picture of the pacifier that had been in their mouth and a picture of a novel pacifier of a different shape or texture. The infants looked longer at the pacifier they had sucked on. Thus, these infants could visually recognize an object they had experienced only through oral exploration.

"choosing is refusing" means individuals face an opportunity cost with each decision they make. economists state that every decision involves trade-offs. opportunity cost is the least desirable alternative given up as a result of a decision.

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