Dr. Kenji wants to determine whether his new phonics program helps children's reading comprehension. He gives a fifth grade class the program and also studies a second grade class that does not go through the program. He finds that the fifth graders read with better comprehension. Identify the confounding variable in this research design. Group of answer choices

the grade the students are in

the phonics program

reading comprehension scores

not giving one group the program

The confounding variable in the research design developed by Dr. Kenji is that the program is not given to one group.

confounding variable is said to be those variables that would not be able to determine the true relation between dependent and independent variables of the research.  This would give the researcher with wrong or misleading results by distorting the relationship between variables.  

The research must be performed with groups that are similar such as in above case the program should be studied between the fifth-grade students only to get the accurate finding of the experimnet.

Learn more about confounding variables in research design here:

link

not giving one group the program

Explanation:

But there is a problem related to grade scores either. Probably Dr. Kenji should not give the program to any grade at first time. And in a second audition do it with the program in students´ hands.

answer; john stuart mill's principle of utility is your answer; /// good luck

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