Strategic alliances are more likely to be long-lasting when they involve
a. partners based in countries with distinctly different cultures and consumer buying habits and preferences.
b. partners that respectively have considerable resource weaknesses in the marketplace.
c. joining forces in R&D to develop new technologies cheaper than a company could develop the technology on its own.
d. partners that are not only experienced with strategic alliances but who also routinely enter into collaborative agreements with firms in peripheral industries.
e. collaboration with suppliers or distribution allies or when both parties conclude that continued collaboration is in their mutual interests.

The correct answer is letter E

Strategic alliance is the formal relationship between two or more companies that seek to achieve a set of objectives previously agreed, however, maintaining themselves as independent companies.

A strategic alliance is an agreement between two companies to undertake a mutually beneficial project, while each maintains its independence. The contract is less complex and less binding than a Joint Venture, in which two companies pool resources to create a separate business entity. A company can enter into a strategic alliance to expand into a new market, improve its product line or develop an advantage over a competitor. The agreement allows two companies to work towards a common goal that will benefit both.

the density would be a smaller number.

marginal cost is a microeconomic measure that us to evaluate the extent to which the level of production of a good is sustainable in accounting, that is, to how many quantities the company plans to profit from the production of the good.

the concept of marginal cost is simple, it means the cost of producing one more item. for example, in the case of pies, the marginal cost is the cost of producing one more pie than those that have already been produced.

it is important to understand that productive activity influences marginal cost. the marginal cost of some goods can be very high, while others may be insignificant. for example, the marginal cost of producing an extra plane is very high. already the marginal cost of a water company to provide 1l more water is derisory.

in the case of pies, the cost involves the inputs, the labor and the fixed cost, which involves the fixed space of the bakery. the level of production initially has the marginal cost decreasing because there is space and manpower available. however, to produce more you have to hire more workers and buy more inputs. if physical space is limited, workers will conflict with places, inputs and their productivity will decrease, meaning there is an optimum point of production for each level of space and manpower. from this point on, the productivity of the workers will be getting smaller because of lack of space, so that the marginal cost of producing one more pie will be increasing. so, although you have not posted the chart, but if you have the answer, you can see that my explanation goes according to the marginal cost curve that will increase from the 4th pie, answer (c).