When 4-year-old Katherine throws a beanbag, her dad comments, "You stood still as you were throwing. Now try taking a step toward me as you throw." Assuming Katherine’s dad regularly gives this sort of feedback, Katherine is likely to experience .

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When 4-year-old Katherine throws a beanbag, her dad comments, “You stood still as you were throwing. Now try taking a step toward me as you throw.” Assuming Katherine’s dad regularly gives this sort of feedback, Katherine is likely to experience .

A) low levels of shame and pride and less persistence on difficult tasks

B) extreme pride after a success and extreme shame after a failure

C) no pride after a success and no shame after a failure

D) moderate levels of shame and pride and greater persistence on difficult tasks

D) moderate levels of shame and pride and greater persistence on difficult tasks

Explanation:

A child's self-evaluative reaction depends on the quality of adult's feedback. When parents focus, for instance, on the worth of the performance, or the worth of the child, with comments such as "You are not a good boy," children become more self-conscious. They feel greater shame when they fail, and greater pride when they succeed. On the other hand, when parents' feedback focuses on how to improve performance, children's levels of shame and pride are more adaptive, and they show persistence on difficult tasks. Katherine's father's feedback is focused on improving her performance. Therefore, the best answer is letter D) moderate levels of shame and pride and greater persistence on difficult tasks.

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