A landlord leases property upon which the tenant makes improvements. The improvements are significant and are not made in lieu of rent. At the end of the lease, the value of the improvements are not income to the landlord. This rule is an example of .

The wherewithal to pay concept

Explanation:

Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that the rule being described is an example of the concept known as The wherewithal to pay. This concept states that an individual should be charged and have to pay if they possess the means to do so. Such as in this scenario since the landlord must pay the improvements since he possess the means to do so.

"choosing is refusing" means individuals face an opportunity cost with each decision they make. economists state that every decision involves trade-offs. opportunity cost is the least desirable alternative given up as a result of a decision.

the right answer is a