When Bill studies for an exam he reads the textbook, stops to think about the material, and then takes a practice exam. According to the information-processing model, Bill is actively .

encoding, storing, and retrieving.

Explanation:

The  information-processing model can be described as a frame work which is being used by psychologists for describing mental processes. In this model, the thinking of humans is linked with the ways that computers work.  An information is encoded into the computers just as the person will encode the information in his brain at the time of learning. The information is stored in the computer just as the information will be stored in the brain of the person. The information is retrieved when needed from a computer and the same phenomenon of retrieving information will occur when a person will apply stored knowledge into use.  

answer; disconfirm the catharsis theory;