Elaine is talking to her friends mike and jeremy. as the friends discuss their first day of third grade, mr. kramer notices elaine is more interested in talking about herself. this is an example of her lack of
perspective taking. this is how adolescents talk about themself

Perspective taking

Explanation:

Perspective taking is defined as the process in which a person has ability to think apart from their point of view in particular situation.They tend to consider others view and thinking about that situation.This process is based on understanding feeling, emotion and mind of other people.

According to the question,Elaine is missing the characteristic of perspective taking s she is not understanding and considering point of view of other friends while talking about third grade's first day. She is showing the feature of typical adolescent who is interested in her talk and experience majorly.

facts: the 14th amendment

the 14th amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws.

the 14th amendment was intended to protect the rights of former slaves after the american civil war.

the 14th amendment was approved by congress in june of 1866 and ratified by the states on july 9, 1868.

the 14th amendment establishes that all persons born in the united states are citizens and are guaranteed all the rights of citizenship.

the 14th amendment establishes that the law protects all citizens equally.

in this case the passage of the 14th amendment   that was violated was the last part in which it states that there is equal protection of the law.