Because between-subjects experiments use a different group of participants for each treatment condition, one concern is that the participants in one treatment are noticeably different—for example, older, faster, or smarter—from the participants in another treatment. In the Katona experiment, how can the researcher be reasonably confident that the students in the understanding group were not considerably smarter than the students in the memorization group and that the difference in performance isn't simply caused by intelligence? The two groups were roughly equivalent when assigned to the two treatments. The same individuals participated in both treatment conditions.

this is the correct answer indulgences were a way of tricking catholics into giving the church money. johan tetzel was preying on the citizens of germany by making them think that the purchase of papal indulgences was legitimate, and necessary. they demoralized the catholic church, as well as the catholic people. indulgences taught that in order to achieve salvation one did not have to be good, he simply must have the money to buy an indulgence.

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you shouldhonk your horn and flash your headlights at the oncoming traffic, to warn them to move over.

as the nature of the work environment continues to change, new trends have emerged at the individual, team and organizational levels.

the workforce is now more demographically diverse than ever, and older workers represent a significant subset of the working population.

the increase in technology and the increasing complexity of tasks have led to more virtual and interdisciplinary teams. in addition, interest in multinational organizations has grown.

what leads us to that in today's world, the structure, content and work process have changed, and the work is:

more cognitively complex  

more team based and collaborative

more dependent on social skills

more dependent on technological competence.

more time pressed .

more mobile and less dependent on geography.

in today's world, we will also work for an organization that is probably very different due to competitive pressures and technological advances. these organizations are:  

more agile

more focused on identifying value from the customer's perspective.

more in tune with dynamic competitive requirements and strategy.

less hierarchical in structure and decision authority.

less likely to provide lifelong careers and job security

reorganizing continuously to maintain or obtain a competitive advantage.