In the 1960s, the political scientist Robert Dahl argued that policy making has a(n) basis, with authority held by different groups in different areas.

Pluralist.

Explanation:

A pluralism basis involves the participation of external groups (outside the government) pressuring their influence to achieve their own goals. As the exercise suggests, the authority, even inside the government, is held by different groups in different areas. For example, if a senator has a business in, for example, healthcare his motivations for voting certain laws that involves that may be influenced by his business, business partners, rivals, to help himself or damage other companies' businessess. In other words, a pluralist view involves groups of individuals who try to maximize their interests, fullfilling their goals, using their influence.

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in an absolute  monarchy, the  monarchrules as an autocrat, with absolutepower  over the state and government — for example, the right to rule by decree, promulgate laws, and impose punishments. the  monarch isnominally sovereign but the electorate, through their legislature, exercise political sovereignty.