is a formula-based group incentive plan that uses improvements in group productivity from one period to another to determine the total amount of money allocated. An employee stock ownership plan Gainsharing Profit sharing A merit-based pay plan A piece-rate pay plan

citizens were able to charge more for their goods and services

answer; clear and present danger test;

i believe the answer is: description

description refers to the goal of psychologist to identify the phenomenon that being observed. this goal is being actualized by collecting data/information from various clues that observed through the phenomenon. this goal must be accomplished before pyschologist able to create methods of treatment.