Leaders can be appointed or elected. What criteria are used to make a selection in either case?

ratification by higher authority or election of where majority carries the vote respectively.

Explanation:

Appointments precedes nomination- here you look at for potential candidate; this is done usually by some one in power and according to the balance of power associated with the state; such nominees might need to be ratified [ confirmed by screening] by the legislators[ the law makers] in order for the appointment to take place.

In the case of been elected; an electioneering process- a means where people can cast their votes for candidates of their choice; is usually ensued. Picking this candidate could come from nomination or by indication of interest in vying for the position in question - this most times requires a financial obligation for indication of interest.

the answer is d. amendments.

the language of nature was a manifestation from god as he said "let there be light" and there was light the world began to assume visible, comprehensible form.

what ever we know now think of the old vision of creation we can be sure that with out the speaking of word -without language- we would have no science today with its striking power to illuminate the world.