A researcher is planning a study looking at first-year college students and their experiences at a four-year university. A sample of individuals from the first-year class is taken and data are gathered. A year later the researcher gathers data from the sample again. This is an example of what kind of study?

Panel design                

Explanation:

Panel design: In research, the term "panel design" is described as a phenomenon in which a researcher or an experimenter tends to sample a specific panel or group consisting of different participants or subjects and after that, he or she measures "variables of interest" or "a few specific variables" more than once from the same sample at different point in time.

In other words, panel design is a research technique to gather data more than once or repeatedly from specific participants who are being selected by the researcher.

In the question above, the given statement is an example of "panel design".

the correct answer is the following is a list of inventions made in the medieval islamic world, especially during the "islamic golden age" (8th to 13th centuries),[1][2] as well as the late medieval period, especially in the emirate of granada and the ottoman empire.

science and technology in the islamic world adopted and preserved knowledge and technologies from contemporary and earlier civilizations, including persia, india, china, and greece-roman antiquity, while making a number of improvements and innovations.