According to a cross-cultural study of differences in work values, managers placed a high value on deference to superiors, company commitment, and the cautious use of aggressiveness and control.

Japanese

Explanation:

Japanese management style is different from other styles like Japanese mangers believe that stable and long term job of employees make them more loyal and commuted to company, collective decision making, respect and polite submission to senior and superior authority and last is to be calm , respectful and polite with others.  

  b.

there are isolated pockets of farming, generally around rivers and oases, which are used for irrigation.