Which statement BEST describes the effect the Crusades had on Muslim peoples?

a polarisation of the East and West based on religious differences.

the specific application of religious goals to warfare in the Levant, Iberian peninsula, and Baltic region, in particular.

the increased role and prestige of the popes and the Catholic Church in secular affairs.

the souring of relations between the West and the Byzantine Empire leading, ultimately, to the latter’s destruction.

an increase in the power of the royal houses of Europe.

a stronger collective cultural identity in Europe.

an increase in xenophobia and intolerance between Christians and Muslims, and between Christians and Jews, heretics and pagans.

an increase in international trade and exchange of ideas and technology.

an increase in the power of such Italian states as Venice, Genoa, and Pisa.

the appropriation of many Christian relics to Europe.

the use of a religious historical precedent to justify colonialism, warfare and terrorism.

From: ancient.eu

answer; i do believe its (b) 12.5 years of age;

the correct answer is the following is a list of inventions made in the medieval islamic world, especially during the "islamic golden age" (8th to 13th centuries),[1][2] as well as the late medieval period, especially in the emirate of granada and the ottoman empire.

science and technology in the islamic world adopted and preserved knowledge and technologies from contemporary and earlier civilizations, including persia, india, china, and greece-roman antiquity, while making a number of improvements and innovations.