Measures such as steering-column locks, vandal-resistant construction, enhanced street lighting, and improved library checkout systems that demonstrably decrease opportunities for crime are known as .

TARGET HARDENING TECHNIQUES

Explanation:

Target hardening techniques are words used by those working as a security officer. It refers to strengthening of the security of a building or installation in order to protect it in the event of attack and to decrease the risk of crime.

Target hardening involves all measures that make committing a crime more difficult and reduce the opportunities for criminals to achieve their goal. The realisation of this measure can take various forms, ranging from teaching self-defence to potential victims of assault to bomb-proofing buildings or vandal resistance buildings.