The level of scrutiny the Supreme Court applies to the review of all affirmative action laws is .

The answer is Strict scrutiny

Explanation:

Strict scrutiny is a form of judicial review that a courts use to determine the constitutionality of certain laws. ... To pass strict scrutiny, the legislature must have passed the law to further a "compelling governmental interest," and must have narrowly tailored the law to achieve that interest.

according to classical republican political theory, which democratic republics would function best?

a.   small republics, with people who had similar interests

b.   large republics, with people who had competing interests

c.   republics made up entirely of landowners

d.   republics made up entirely of servants

we need an attachment to see what you are talking about.