After struggling with a complex math problem, Stacey takes a short break. While making herself a cup of tea, she suddenly comes up with a solution. "Aha!" moments such as this are a form of learning that occurs in the apparent absence of reinforcement.

Insight.

Explanation:

German-American psychologist Wolfgang Köhler was credited to first proposed the theory of insight learning. It refers to a form of learning that happens suddenly by recognizing the relationships between different parts of a problem, rather than by trial and error. In other words the sudden realization of the problem instead of stimulus-response association or trial and error method.

a: social security and social programs

changes in factors like average income and preferences can cause an entire demand curve to shift right or left. this causes a higher or lower quantity to be demanded at a given price. demand curves relate the prices and quantities demanded assuming no other factors change. it is important for consumers to know this information, because it is crucial for them to know what they can afford and can't afford. i hope this .