Sally is the manager of Grubb It, a fast-food outlet. She is looking out for trends or events that could turn out to be a problem for the outlet in the future. She believes that the outlet's close proximity to a school could pose a problem, because of a growing concern over childhood obesity. In this scenario, Sally is involved in:

This question is incomplete. Here are the missing options:

The answer is a. environmental scanning.

Explanation:

Environmental scanning consists in observing an organisation's internal and external environment. This is done in order to improve the current and future state of a company.

In the example, Sally is concerned with the external environment. Some of the factors to examine are recent events, competition and the physical environment.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.