Which judgment bias occurs when one assumes a small number of observations can lead to valid and reliable conclusions?

Rule of small numbers.

Explanation:

The rule of small numbers corresponds to the false assumption held by people that small samples will resemble the population from which they are extracted. In other words, it is a judgment biasedness, which occurs when the features of a sample population are assumed to be derived from a small number of observations or data points.

a. the moon was locked into orbit by the earths gravity as it was passing by and capture hypothesis i think