In many Asian countries, culturally, fair skin is associated with positive values that relate to social status and beauty, particularly for women. Is it ethical to exploit cultural norms and values to promote a product (e. g. whitening products)? Please discuss.

Marketing and propaganda are all based upon cultural values. They are meant to sell and to promote people to buy. It is not necessarily unetical to use strategies to suggest people into buying things. The archetips, which are certain images valued in society are used in this type of marketing.

Language and images are a way of manipulation, and commerce uses both to sell.

It is not unetical to try to convince someone to buy something using certain persuavie methods. It is not unetical becasue whitening products are not harmful to society. When propaganda was for instance used to sell the war during first and second world war, that has unetical. It was so because it could harm people.

Explanation:

It is unetical if what people are promoting cause real harm into society. If not people should not let themselves be manipulate into buying everything. It is both the producer and the consumer that have to be responsable, both with how they sell and people of what they beileve and what the choose to consume.

It is unethical to exploit cultural norms to promote a product. The cultural issues are treated with a certain level of sensitivity. Using one’s culture for promotion purposes may be perceived to be disrespectful and offensive act.

Exploiting cultural norms as seen in the case of promoting whitening product is demeaning to women. It shows that women seem successful or better just because of their complexion or fairness of skin. It define a beautiful woman as one who has fair skin. Women who are dark are not beautiful. In this case, a woman is likely unable to get a husband or a good job until she starts using the product.

For example in India where we have the caste system, where it is said the lower castes are of darker skin color also makes this unethical. In India, this goes beyond discrimination and racism since women do not enjoy the same rights as men.

marginal cost is a microeconomic measure that us to evaluate the extent to which the level of production of a good is sustainable in accounting, that is, to how many quantities the company plans to profit from the production of the good.

the concept of marginal cost is simple, it means the cost of producing one more item. for example, in the case of pies, the marginal cost is the cost of producing one more pie than those that have already been produced.

it is important to understand that productive activity influences marginal cost. the marginal cost of some goods can be very high, while others may be insignificant. for example, the marginal cost of producing an extra plane is very high. already the marginal cost of a water company to provide 1l more water is derisory.

in the case of pies, the cost involves the inputs, the labor and the fixed cost, which involves the fixed space of the bakery. the level of production initially has the marginal cost decreasing because there is space and manpower available. however, to produce more you have to hire more workers and buy more inputs. if physical space is limited, workers will conflict with places, inputs and their productivity will decrease, meaning there is an optimum point of production for each level of space and manpower. from this point on, the productivity of the workers will be getting smaller because of lack of space, so that the marginal cost of producing one more pie will be increasing. so, although you have not posted the chart, but if you have the answer, you can see that my explanation goes according to the marginal cost curve that will increase from the 4th pie, answer (c).