Roman civil law and canon law made distinctions between juveniles and adults based on the notion of

age of responsibility

Explanation:

About 2000 years ago, the roman civil law and later, the cannon church law clarified the differences between adolescents and mature people based on the notion of age of responsibility. There was no physical punishment for people who are yet to get into puberty, which was 13 years for the male child and 12 years for the girl child respectively.  Also offending persons who are below the age of 20 years did not receive any form of capital; punishment.

b) the planets year length would be longer

hope this !

c: in the east might be the correct answer