In a study of the first 1000 business school applications submitted to university x, it was found that one-fifth of all applicants claimed to have more years of work experience than they truly possess. however, the study may under-estimate the proportion of total applicants to university x who are dishonest, because: ) the proportion of students who are dis-honest about their work experience may be higher out of those who submitted their application after the first 1000 applicants than those applicants who were covered in the study. b) the study may have considered an applicant dis-honest when it was unable to easily verify work experience because a prior employer for which the applicant truly worked had since gone out of business. c) some applicants who claimed to have possessed only a year or two of additional professional experience than they really had were also dis-honest in other parts of their applications. d) some applicants who claimed over a decade of work experience really possessed such professional history. e) the proportion of applicants at university y who were dis-honest on their applications was larger than that of university x.