You are participating in a social psychological research experiment and the researcher reads the instructions to you and the other participants so that all of you hear the same instructions. by standardizing the instructions, the researcher is attempting to control the:

a) dependent variable
b) experimental outcome
c) demand characterisics
d) framing effect

DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS.

Demand characteristics in an experiment can be defined as an act whereby the researcher or experimenter influences the results of the experiment by leading the subjects to comply with their expectations.

Some common demand characteristics include;

1.) Spreading rumours of the study.

2.) Researchers communicating with subjects implicitly or explicitly.

3.) The location of the experiment.

the use of electrical signals that transit messages is know as