Matthew and ryan are devout christian fundamentalists and believe that homosexuality is against god's will and that homosexuals deserve to be punished. they spend a couple evenings each week in gay bashing activities that include physical violence and verbal assaults. based on their rationalization, which technique of neutralization is most applicable for matthew and ryan to maintain positive self-images?

denial of a victim                                                                                                          

Explanation:

The theory of neutralization was proposed by David Matza and Gresham Sykes during 1957 and consists of five different techniques including denial of injury, denial of responsibility, condemnation of the condemners, appeal to higher loyalties, and the denial of victim.

Denial of the victim: The term denial of the victim is defined as the procedure in which the offender asserts that a victim should earn what she or she has got and therefore the offender explains the crime by comprehending that the victim was a cheater, bad person, etc.

In the question above, Matthew and Ryan to maintain positive self-images the most applicable neutralization technique would be a denial of a victim.

the earth’s crust is broken into separate pieces called tectonic plates (fig. 7.14). recall that the crust is the solid, rocky, outer shell of the planet. it is composed of two distinctly different types of material: the less-dense continental crust and the more-dense oceanic crust. both types of crust rest atop solid, upper mantle material. the upper mantle, in turn, floats on a denser layer of lower mantle that is much like thick molten tar.

each tectonic plate is free-floating and can move independently. earthquakes and volcanoes are the direct result of the movement of tectonic plates at fault lines. the term fault is used to describe the boundary between tectonic plates. most of the earthquakes and volcanoes around the pacific ocean basin—a pattern known as the “ring of fire”—are due to the movement of tectonic plates in this region. other observable results of short-term plate movement include the gradual widening of the great rift lakes in eastern africa and the rising of the himalayan mountain range. the motion of plates can be described in four general patterns:

collision: when two continental plates are shoved together

subduction: when one plate plunges beneath another (fig. 7.15)

spreading: when two plates are pushed apart (fig. 7.15)

transform faulting: when two plates slide past each other (fig. 7.15)

the declaration states, “we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness….”