The european union created a single monetary unit to replace the national currencies of twelve member nations. this common currency is known as the:

Euro.

Explanation:

An international organization of European countries formed to protect the economic and social policies to strengthen peace in Europe, named European Union. It ensured the European integration by adopting a common currency (Euro), unified foreign policy, common citizenship rights and to protect Europe from any external threat.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.        

there are indirect ways of affecting state laws   by with holding funding's. and that's why we have a 55mph speed on the high way with a design of 70mph speed.