This is the constitutional principle that the law making, executive, and judicial powers be held by different groups and

Separation of powers.

Explanation:

As the exercise briefly states, the Constitutional principle that the law making, executive, and judicial powers be held by different groups and people is the Separation of Powers. This is one of the main doctrines of constitunional law, meant to give balance to the government, separating the power in three different branches: executive, legislative and judicial. Each of them has enough power to keep the rest in check, but not too much to overcome the rest.

answer; when the government fails to protect the fundamental rights of the people;

answer; substantive law;