Intestacy laws are laws that:
a. establish the requirements of a valid will.
b. protect insured parties from duress.
c. specify how property will be distributed if someone dies without a will.

c. specify how property will be distributed if someone dies without a will.

Explanation:

Intestacy laws are the rules that are followed for disposing of the probate estate of a person after he or she dies. These laws are applied when a descendant has no will or no will can be located. The purpose of intestate succession laws is to distribute the wealth of the deceased in a way that reflects closely how the average person would have planned.

c. taught scientists many new things about the earth, but not other planets.

explanation:

d. the polar jet stream   lies between the polar easterlies and trade winds should be your answer