What type of due process protects citizens from arbitrary or unjust state or federal laws?

Substantive due process

Explanation:

Substantive due process allows the court to protect certain fundamental rights of citizens from government interference or arbitrary or unjust state or federal laws. Such protection is derived from the fifth and fourteenth amendments which prohibit the federal and state governments, from depriving any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.

we can solve this via the kinematic equation:

where the vertical velocity is zero and so:

since the height of the building is 29.3 meters then:

the ball was in motion for approximately 2.45 seconds

answer; the federal reserve system;