Surplus is

the financial and opportunity costs consumers pay when searching for a good or service

the point at which quantity demanded and quantity supplied are equal

a situation in which quantity demanded is greater than quantity supplied

a situation in which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded

A situation in which quantity supplied is greater than quantity demanded.

Explanation:

A surplus refers to a situation in which we have more of an asset or resource than is being used. In other words, the quantity we need (demand) is less than the quantity that is being produced (supply). While a surplus might not necessarily be damaging, it can be very negative in some cases, such as in situations that deal with perishable items, as the items might be spoiled before they can be used, leading to permanent losses.

i believe the answer is:   psychological  experiment

in this experiment, wilhelm wundt became the first person that implement scientific method in analyzing the pyschological phenomenon.

due to this result, wilhelm wundt also able to make psychology to be acknowledged as a separate scientific field from biology.

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