Gender roles under slavery: a. differed from those of white society because men and women alike suffered a sense of powerlessness. b. were unaffected by the ability of masters to take advantage of female slaves sexually. c. were the same as those that existed in white society. d. greatly differed from those of whites when slaves were able to work on their own; the men took on more women’s work and vice versa. e. meant that slave husbands refused to let their wives work in the fields.

a.differed from those of white society because men and women alike suffered a sense of powerlessness.

Explanation:

Being a slave was having absolutely no right to anything, as slaves these people were considered just the possession of their masters and were just willing to do what their owners ordered to do which was basically grueling labor.

They often suffered mental and physical degradation, merciless beats and their loved ones separation.

Because of these and many other reasons, it is just logical that both genders experienced a sense of powerlessness.

classical republicanism, also known as civic humanism, is a form of republicanism  developed in the renaissance inspired by the governmental forms and writings of  classical  antiquity, especially such  classical  writers as aristotle, polybius, and cicero.

the correct answer is the following is a list of inventions made in the medieval islamic world, especially during the "islamic golden age" (8th to 13th centuries),[1][2] as well as the late medieval period, especially in the emirate of granada and the ottoman empire.

science and technology in the islamic world adopted and preserved knowledge and technologies from contemporary and earlier civilizations, including persia, india, china, and greece-roman antiquity, while making a number of improvements and innovations.