His writings did not specifically address crime; however, his ideas impacted willem bonger who viewed the criminal law as primarily protecting the interests of the propertied class. who is this?

   This is Karl Marx

Explanation: Karl Marx, as the creator of the communist idea and the creator of the idea of a classless society as the ultimate goal, saw that a class-based society created the conditions for the exploitation of one class - the workers, for the sake of profit and the benefits accrued by the capitalists, that is, the ruling class. All laws, even criminal law, are therefore creatures of the ruling class, so that by obeying the laws that ruling class has created and enacted, so it can be held in power and maintained the order that suits them.

So this idea of Marx was not to talk about crime itself, but of a tool used by the ruling class to promote its laws and interests. The ruling class creates criminal law to protect its own actions and to prevent the subordinate class from reacting to and opposing them. In other words, what, according to Marx, is allowed to the ruling class, the working class is not, because if the working class goes after it, then it is crime, and according to Marx, one of  the ways of exploiting workers.

This Marx idea also influenced the Dutch criminologist Willem Bonger, who saw the connection between crime, that is, how crime is treated and understood, and the social conditions determined by the interests of the ruling class.

the aksumite empire was an ancient kingdom located in what is now northern ethiopia from the period of 100 ad to 940 ad. its capital was the city of aksum. the kingdom established itself as one of the 4 great powers at its time, along with persia, rome, and china.

the kingdom was rich in goods like gold, iron, and salt. it established strong commercial ties with the regions governed by rome, egypt, and persia (arabia). aksum was a key location in this commercial network. trade was also facilitated with the introduction of the aksumite currency.